Critical Reflection

 Critical Reflection

1. How do your products represent social groups or issues?

When deciding the genre of our film, my group mates and I knew that we wanted to choose something that can bring social groups together. We also knew that we wanted to create a short film more toward the horror/ thriller genre. We ultimately decided on the thriller genre because a larger audience would watch it and be brought together by this film. The thriller short film my group and I created can represent various social groups and issues. When creating a short film, many factors must be considered such as how and what social groups are impacted by the film. To begin with, it represents families and victims of those who have been affected by murderous crimes. In our short film, the main character Bella is murdered by the serial killer known as “The Slicer”. This can affect people who were friends or related to victims by bringing up memories. This film is meant to bring awareness to the dangers of everyday life. Even if an individual believes that their life is “average”, it can quickly change for the better or worse. Since we are all teenagers living in a city environment, we have to be very careful about our surroundings and the people that try to approach us. It is definitely frightening walking around, and there have been instances when my group mates and I have been harassed on the street. We feel that many other teenagers have also experienced this, and therefore can relate to the short film.

In addition to this, our short film can also bring people together to bond over their love for thriller short films. For instance, when a short film such as The Slicer gets released, people may watch it. Then, you can meet people who also enjoyed the movie through fanpages, film festivals, comments on the movie, etc. This allows people all over the world to talk and discuss the movie. Many questions include, What did you like about the film? What could’ve been better? The plot twist at the end was shocking, what did you think about it? However, people now have to meet on the internet instead of events such as film festivals because of the recent pandemic. Despite the setback, people still interact with each other online, and are more exposed to various cultures as a result.

2. How do the elements of your production work together to create a sense of ‘branding’?

My group mates and I included many different elements to promote our film. This includes the short film itself, blogs, the various social media accounts, and the postcard. My group and I divided the work so we can accomplish this project in a timely fashion. To begin with, the various social media accounts helped to brand our film. As teenagers, we understand social media and the effects of it because we grew up with it. We tried to post on our accounts and obtain followers so people can get affiliated with the film and eager for it to be released. We primarily posted on our instagram because it is the social media that we know best. Unfortunately we didn’t get many followers, but we are optimistic that people will still watch our short film. In addition to this, the blogs also helped to promote our film. Like the social media accounts, the blogs are public which means that anyone can access them. The blogs show our line of thinking and the entire process of creating the short film. Lastly, the postcards helped to brand our video. This allows the audience to see pictures from the film itself. This can make people feel more eager and excited to see the short film The Slicer. All of the aspects of our film work together to promote it. By blogging, using the various social media accounts, and postcards, our film was significantly promoted. Each piece played a crucial role to our short film.

3. How do your products engage with the audience?

Our product engages with the audience in many ways. To begin with, our film consists of mostly teenagers. This can allow the audience to relate to their peers since our film also aimed toward teenagers since most of the characters in the movies are the same age. This film aims to inform people all over the world the daily dangers of living in a city, and just walking around in general. My group mates and I have been harassed on the street in different forms, and sometimes it can get really frightening. In our short film, we took it to an extreme by the main character getting killed. This can allow the audience to engage and understand the true dangers of the world, and hopefully be more aware of them. In addition to this, we posted pictures on our various social media accounts to keep everyone updated. The main social media we used was Instagram. On our instagram we posted pictures such as meet the cast, where we posted all the crew and actors, as well as pictures to make the audience eager to see the film. We posted one picture of my neck sliced which gives a hint to the audience as to what might happen to the main character and how it corresponds to the title of the short film. We also had people commenting on our instagram. This allowed the social media platforms to be interactive. Whenever somebody commented, my group mates or I would reply back to the original comment. 

4.  How did your research inform your products and the way they use or challenge conventions?

My group mates and I knew that when we got assigned this project we would want it to be more of a horror or genre. After careful discussion and ideas on what the short film was going to be about, we decided that the best option would be thriller. Our short film challenges conventions because it doesn't really fit into just one genre. Instead, it is more of a mix of genres like horror, suspense, and thriller. However, our short film predominantly falls under the category of thriller, and that is why we selected it as our genre. We had to research each of the genres in depth to determine the best one to go with. In addition to this, my group mates and I changed our filming style. When we created the storyboard, we were repetitive in terms of camera angles and movements. While filming, my group and I had inspiration, and started to try out new camera movements that are not as common in the thriller genre. For example, Tekla filmed over me in an aerial shot and moved backwards, moved the camera down while tilting upwards. We don’t really know the name of this movement so I described it as best as possible. However, we also used conventions in our camera movements. A popular movement is a tracking shot. My group and I used this movement a lot because it was fitting, and popular in the thriller genre. Overall, my group and I used and challenged many products and our research informed the products that we used. My group and I have learned a tremendous amount from this project.

Short Film Package

My Short Film Package

The Slicer

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qLS1GohqwTo

Website: https://theslicermoviee.wixsite.com/theslicer 

Postcard:

Editing Blog

 Today my group and I edited. We filmed all of the takes on Tekla’s phone throughout the filming process. We wanted to use iMovie as our editing software, which works out because I have it on my laptop. In addition to this, Tekla, Dominic, and I will all be able to edit the short film because we all also have iPhones. This is helpful because it will help us speed up the editing process. After the filming process was completed, Tekla used AirDrop to give me the videos. By airdropping the videos, they will have a higher resolution than if we sent them by email or text. 

Then I uploaded the videos to my computer. Once I finished uploading all of the videos into iMovie, my group and I selected which takes will be our shots. This allowed us to cut down our footage, and keep the best takes. Then we cut the extra footage on each shot. This allowed the video to run smoothly. This process luckily didn't take too long. However, we still had to add diegetic and non-diegetic sounds. These sounds were extremely crucial because it helped our short film seem more professional. 

We added a few things just to tie the film together. We think it looks good, and we are excited to finally finish the project. We put a lot of effort into the blogs, filming, editing, website, various social media platforms, and the pamphlets. The editing process took approximately 4 hours, so we are glad to have it completed. Now, my group and I have to finish the pamphlet and we will be completed.

Updating Website

 Yesterday, I decided to update the website. Originally Tekla completed the website and linking the different forms of social media. In addition to this, she made the shell of the website. For instance, the backgrounds and some basic information was on the website. It was a good start, but the website needed more.

Because of this, I decided to add more information and pictures. I added an "About Us" section. This describes what type of short film as well as when it will be released. We described it as a "suspenseful and thrilling short film" because it falls under both of these categories. In addition to this, we set the release date to February of 2021 which is next month. Our project is due this Tuesday, so we know our film will be done by this time. The "About Us" section also included how we are doing this short film for a school project on well as what we have learned by doing this. We had to use leadership, teamwork, and various other crucial tools to help us film. This can include materialistic items like cameras as well. 

In addition to this, I decided to add a "Meet the Team" section. This section has a picture of all the actors and has a small overall description. We clarified who is working behind the scenes to make this film possible, as well as all the actors. Then, there are pictures of our team and actors which now consists of nine people. By seeing our faces, this will allow people to put names to our faces, and hopefully cause the audience to be more excited about The Slicer. We are ecstatic to be finishing up our project.

Filming with Olga

 Tekla went to my house today to film. We had to film with Olga. Olga plays Bella’s mom in the short film and she’s my mom in real life. Tekla came over at 9 am. We set up all of our stuff and got into our filming clothes. We also told Olga what to wear. Once we got into costumes we fixed our hair and did our makeup. Tekla and I finished quickly. However, Olga took a bit longer because she said that she wanted to look good. My mom couldn’t remember her lines so it took a while to film. Tekla was recording and telling my mom her lines before she started recording. This was helpful and helped the filming process run more smoothly. However, it’s took like 2 hours to film these short scenes. In addition to this, we had to help her with her pronunciation. This is because her first language is Russian. As a result, she has a thick Russian accent. We tried to help her say her lines in a way that everyone could understand without difficulty. However, we persevered and finished filming. We all enjoyed the process even though it took a while. Lastly, we will import all of the videos so we can begin filming.

Filming Outside With Mats

 Today Tekla and I met up today to film outside. We met at Tekla's house and then made a quick overview of what we had to do. We knew that we would film the scenes with Tekla's dad Mats. These scenes include walking outside and talking to Tekla's dad. We drove over to a park that we filmed prior to these scenes. It was a bit of a struggle because of the wind. And we had to film at an angle in which you can see both Mats and I's faces. There is a significant height difference and this is why it was difficult. As a result, we had to change our original angle which wasn't much of a problem. Once we figured out a solution, there was a man blowing leaves which were really loud. We decided to walk to a different location. This is similar to when the group of people were filming outside. So we solved this problem and continued to film. We decided to film at noon so the sun would be at its peak. However, it was really hot. It didn't take too long to film. It took approximately 1 hour. We didn't have much dialogue, and Mats remembered his lines. However, in the scene in which I'm dragged into a bush, my arm got scratched. It was bleeding for a little, but we continued filming. The filming process went smoothly, and we are excited to begin editing when we finish filming. 

Re-filming

 My group and I recently realized that we had lost some footage. We lost the footage of the beginning of the film. These were the scenes in my bedroom, bathroom, and kitchen. We were trying to put the footage into the editing software, but it was nowhere to be found. We looked through our camera rolls, computers, and recently deleted. Unfortunately, we couldn’t recover the footage. Therefore we had to refilm these scenes. We had to try to remember the angles that we used. Luckily, we just looked for the storyboard to find the angles. Once we found the storyboard, we began to film again. This process didn't take too long because we already knew what we had to film. In addition to this, we set up the camera in the sports that we wanted and used my ring light. This was extremely helpful because the footage wasn't as shaky. However, this was still inconvenient because we had to re-film these scenes. We also couldn't begin editing like we had initially planned. Dominic was video chatting with us because he is currently in Austria. This was also a setback. However, refilming went smoothly. It took approximately an hour. Then we all discussed our plan for our short film in terms of filming and editing. We decided that Tekla and I will edit, and Dominic will be on FaceTime with us to give us input. However, he cannot help as much as he would if he was with us.

Difficultly Filming During the Holidays

Most of the actors met at Tekla's house to film a couple of days ago. The process was a little uneasy because it is difficult to keep everyone focused. However, we persevered and managed to complete the filming process for those scenes. The cast and actors that were present were Tekla, Dominic, Blake, Julia, Jake, and myself. Everyone later went home. 

However, since it is winter break and the holiday season, it was difficult to film. This is because actors have families in different cities, states, or even countries. In addition to this, some actors traveled for leisure purposes with their families. Because of this, it was difficult to schedule a time to film. For instance, Julia went out of town, so we won't be able to re-film until she comes back. 

Once we completed the scenes with everyone else, Tekla, Dominic, and I started to plan when we would film the other scenes. Factors like weather and time had to be considered. In the script, the description of the location is a neighborhood on a sunny day. Therefore, we cannot film when it is about to rain. In addition to this, the script displays times in which actions are taking place. In order to obtain the correct daylight patterns, we have to film around the same time. It wouldn't make sense if one scene was supposed to be at noon and we filmed it at 4:00. The sun would be in a completely different spot, therefore lowering the quality of our film. However, Tekla, Dominic, and I have selected a date to film. We will be using Tekla's dad Mats as well.

Filming Outside

 My group and I finished filming at Tekla’s around 2:30. After we finished filming the living room scenes we decided what we were going to do next. Our schedule was altered because of the actor situation, so we had to go with the flow. We decided that we would go to a little park near my house to film. It is in a neighborhood so it was a somewhat quiet area. We all got into two cars because there was six of us, and drove about a mile to the neighborhood park. We parked the car, and met up in the middle of a grassy area. I brought the storyboard and the script, and started to tell everyone where they should stand for the first scene. Tekla filmed because she wasn’t in any of these scenes, and Dominic helped her. I would read the lines to the actors before their take so they would know what to say. We also decided to take each shot twice. This can be helpful in case we lose some footage. However, when we were filming, there was a man blowing leaves. This sound was extremely loud and we couldn’t film there. Because of this, we decided to walk a few blocks south until we couldn’t hear the man anymore.The scenes were being shot effectively. With Tekla filming, and Dominic helping with the angles and movements, and my leadership skills, the scenes were filmed smoothly. The filming process took about an hour, and by that time we were all tired. When we finished, we drove back to Tekla’s to look over the footage. We liked the footage, and will refilm if we feel it is necessary.

Filming as a group

 Our group decided to meet at 10:30 at Tekla's house. However, we didn't start filming until after lunch because we had to replace an actor. Once the character Grayson was replaced and got to Tekla's house, we started filming. We started with the indoor scenes so we wouldn't be sweaty. Tekla was recording because she wasn't in any of the scenes. I was in a few scenes, but I was primarily reading the lines for everyone and telling everyone what to do. Dominic was looking at the storyboard to assist Tekla with camera angles and movements. Overall the process went smoothly but it was time-consuming. Some of the actors couldn't remember their lines which was inconvenient. To solve this problem, I just recited the line that the individual had to say. After that, Tekla would start recording, and the actors would say their line. In addition to this, we had to add some scenes to make the story flow more smoothly. We decided to film each clip at least twice to ensure that we have a decent take. Hopefully, we won't have to refilm many scenes because of this. We worked effectively as a group to film. We did get distracted from time to time. However, we expected this to happen because we are all friends. We had a strong willpower and decided to persevere and continue filming. These scenes took roughly 2 hours which isn't too much time. Luckily, we figured out the Grayson situation and continued filming. 

Rescheduling Filming

 My group and I tried to film on many various occasions. We tried to make plans and failed because people couldn’t show up, cars broke down, and family issues occurred. We initially tried to film the Monday that winter break started. Unfortunately, on Sunday night something came up and we wouldn’t be able to film. A family issue occurred with one of our group members, and another group member had to go to work in the afternoon. This left a very slim window to film, and we knew that we wouldn’t have enough time to do so. As a result, we decided to film the following day. We decided to meet up at Tekla’s house at 10:30 am. Some actors (including myself) carpooled to Tekla’s house because we live in the same area. However, one person didn’t carpool with us. Once we arrived to Tekla’s we decided to call the other group member. However, he didn’t pick up his phone. We waited until 11:30 to see if he would call us back, but he hadn’t. As a group, we decided to recast the role. We called our friends that live near us and asked if they could be in our film. Luckily our friend Jake volunteered to take the role of Grayson to replace the other person. This particular role had already been recasted from one person to another, and then to Jake. Luckily, we didn’t film anything before Jake became part of our group. If the other person played Grayson, we would have to refilm everything because he can’t be in the short film anymore. Rescheduling the times and people were somewhat stressful, but we got through it.

Filming Day 1

 Yesterday, my group and I began filming. Since it was a weekday, we decided to not film the entire movie. However, Tekla, Dominic, and I all met at my house. They came right after school. Once everyone was here, we adjusted the bathroom to our liking and started to set up the camera. We printed and annotated part of the script. This was helpful because we had notes as to what we have to do. We also decided to print the storyboard. This allows us to know what angles we have to film as well as the camera movements. This helped filming run smoothly. 

Once everything was set up and in place, Tekla and I put on the clothes that we wanted to film in. We quickly freshened up our hair and makeup and then started filming. We decided to start filming the scene where the character Bella wakes up. This scene took approximately 15 minutes. Next, we moved to the bathroom scenes. These were a bit more time consuming because there were more scenes. This took roughly 45 minutes, but the process was smooth. Lastly, we did the kitchen scenes when Bella was pouring cereal. This scene took about 5 minutes. We are happy that we printed the storyboard because it allowed us to film smoothly. In addition to this, we are excited to film the rest of the short film.

Changes to Filming Schedule

 This past week, my group and I didn't have school. This was because Thanksgiving was this past Thursday. Initially, my group and I intended to film over the course of the week. However, we didn't consider the fact that our groupmates could be going out of town. Our group consists of 9 people, so it is difficult to agree on a date with somewhat short notice. Because of this, my group and I decided to film on separate days. There are certain scenes where we don't need everyone. As a result, we can film over the course of a few days, so it is more convenient for everybody. For example, in the first third of the short film, the only actors that need to be present are me (Stephanie), Tekla, Olga (Stephanie's mom), and Mats (Tekla's Dad). Therefore, we are planning to film different sections of the film on different days.

 Over the break, various group members did travel for the holiday to visit their families. Because of this, we are cautious about COVID. My group and I are insisting that everyone (including the people who didn't travel) to get tested to ensure our safety. We understand that being in a group is a high risk, and we are taking precautions for everyone's safety.

 In addition to this, different people were out of town at different times. This made filming impossible. We couldn't film the majority of the film, so we just planned the new schedule. We decided to divide filming into 3 separate days. This allows the actors to focus on fewer scenes, and we will have to film for less time each day. In addition to this, Tekla, Olga, Dominic, and I will most likely film the beginning of the short film within the next week. 

Music Choice

 My group and I have yet to decide what music we want to include. However, we researched different music choices. To use music that is copyrighted, we would have to go through a complex process. First, we would have to select the soundtrack. Then, we would have to contact the producers and people who could legally allow us to use the songs. After this, we would have to wait for the producers to respond. At this point, the producers could either give us copyright rights or they could deny us rights. If they deny us the rights, then we would have to find additional music. This leads to doing the process all over again. As a group, we decided that we didn't want to take the risk of getting denied. Because of this, my group and I will use uncopyrighted music. However, we will have to ensure that the music is uncopyrighted. We will most likely find our music on YouTube. We then have to go through the descriptions to make sure it isn't copyrighted. Once we ensure that it isn't copyrighted and downloadable, we will download it and put it in our movie. We have yet started the process of selected our music. However, we know that we also want some sound effects. These include diegetic and nondiegetic sounds. Overall, we are excited to select our music as well as the sound effects. We have a broad idea of the music style, but we still have to discuss it in further detail.

Marketing Campaign

 My group and I recently made various social media websites to promote our short film. These social medias include Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Youtube, and Tiktok. TikTok was not required but we decided to go above and beyond our teacher's expectations. The TikTok username is @theslicermovie. We decided that we will be actively posting on all of our social media accounts. This is so we can promote our short film. Everyone in our group has all the usernames and passwords for the social medias. We all wrote them down just in case we forget them. We agreed to not assign a particular social media to an individual person. Instead, we will collectively work together on all social media. We know that we work well as a group. Because of this, we will be collaborating to ensure that the social medias are up to date. In addition to this, we will be asking our friends and families to follow our accounts. This will help our social medias get a larger following. Hopefully, more people will be able to see the accounts because of this. We will also be using hashtags on our Instagram, and TikTok to try to get the movie trending. We know that this is unlikely to happen, but I have gone viral before so I know it is possible. My group and I are optimistic about the marketing process. We will promote it to the best of our abilities. Overall, we are really excited to begin filming for "The Slicer".

Storyboard for Short Film

 My group and I worked on our storyboard. Stephanie and Tekla met at Tekla's house, and Dominic was on FaceTime because he couldn't join. The entire process took approximately 4 1/2 hours. Stephanie worked on writing the descriptions. This includes the camera angle or movement, location, and description of what is happening during the 6 second period. Tekla worked on drawing the pictures for each of the storyboard boxes. She then colored them in so everyone can distinguish the characters from each other. Dominic was on FaceTime to help us decide what to write and draw. Since Stephanie finished her part of the storyboard before Tekla, she helped Tekla color the storyboard. Stephanie had to go home before the storyboard was finished, so Dominic left the call. At home, Stephanie finished up the drawings. The next day, we all were on FaceTime to write this blog. This process went smoothly and didn’t take a long time. Our team worked efficiently to finish the storyboard. We now know how our film will look like. This will be really helpful when it comes to the filming process. It will allow us to save time because we know where we need to be, and what the angles have to be. The storyboard will keep everyone involved in the film organized and on track. The storyboard is an essential part of filmmaking for this reason. The storyboard process went smoothly. Overall, our group works very well together and we are optimistic to begin filming.

Planning For Short Film

My group and I decided to film on one day. Everyone will meet at Stephanie's house at 11:00 or 1:30. This depends on which character the actor is portraying Then at 11:15, we will begin filming the opening scenes in which Bella is waking up and getting ready. Then at 12:00, we will film the kitchen scene and the news reporter scene in Stephanie's house. At approximately 12:30 we will have lunch until 1:15. Then we will set up the camera in Tekla's house. We should be filming by 1:30. From that point, the rest of the actors would already be there in costumes. We would film all of the scenes that are in Tekla's house. We should be done by 3:00. Then, we will set up the camera in the neighborhood that Stephanie lives in. Then we will film the scenes in which the character Bella is walking to the character Brandon's house. After that Stephanie will quickly do special effects makeup on herself (Bella). This should be done by 4:00. Then, we will film the last scene in which all of the characters are looking for Bella and eventually find her. This should be completed by 5:15

The locations include Stephanie's house, Tekla's house, and Stephanie's neighborhood.

Our participants include Stephanie as Bella, Tekla as Chloe, Dominic as the News Anchor, Olga (Stephanie's mom) as Bella's Mom, Mats (Tekla's dad) as The Slicer, Blake as Brandon, Julia as Sasha, and Luca as Grayson.

Since there is an ongoing pandemic, we have decided to keep our masks on at all times except when filming. If a person is currently being recorded, they will not have to wear their masks but everyone else will have to. In addition to this, everyone will be tested for COVID-19 a few days before filming. We will also be washing our hands whenever we feel necessary, and always have hand sanitizer with us. 

One prop that we have is the board game at the character Brandon's house. This is because they are playing the board game when Bella enters the house.  Another prop is a mobile phone. This is because Bella's mom calls Brandon in one of the scenes. Other props include beds, makeup, cereal, a bowl, tv,  a mask, and a tv remote.

Our costumes are normal clothes that a typical teenager would wear. This can include jean shorts, a tee-shirt, a cropped shirt, a skirt, etc. However, the Slicer will be wearing dark clothes, and possibly some type of face-covering/ mask.

Short Film vs. Feature Length Film

 Both films had many differences. To begin with, the short film was approximately 7 minutes in length while the feature film was about 1 hour and 15 minutes. Because of this, there was more that happened in the feature film. For instance, in the short film, the characters 9 and 5 had to defeat a machine. Once 9 killed the machine, the movie was nearing its end. On the contrary, once 9 defeated the monster in the feature film, another monster emerged. In addition to this, there were many more characters in the feature film because it had to take up more time. This led to more character development as well as dialogue. The short film didn't include any dialect, but the feature film did. I feel that this helped the plot move forward swiftly so the audience wouldn't be confused.

However, the two films had lots in common. For example, there were both diegetic and non-diegetic sounds. Both films included intense music. This helped to intensify the scene, which kept the audience intrigued. In addition to this, there were many sounds such as grunting and explosions. These are examples of diegetic sounds. In addition to this, the characters were similar. For instance, 9 and 5 were both in the short and the feature film. However, more characters were added into the feature film. Lastly, the characters had major plot developments in both movies. In the short film, 9 learned to fight for what is right, even if it means sacrificing yourself. In the feature film, the character 1 who was cold and mean ended up sacrificing himself for the greater good.

Research 9: The Feature Film

 Overall, the movie was extremely intense. I could infer what the plot would be because of the short film. I was impressed with how Shane Acker expanded the plot into an hour and fifteen-minute movie. There were multiple antagonists and more characters. To begin with, the characters were 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, and 9. All of the characters had major plot development. However, 1 stood out the most in this aspect. He started off as the cruel leader, who didn't allow the other robots to go out into the world and do anything. But as the film progressed, he started to open up, and ultimately sacrificed himself for 9. This shows that underneath his thick skin, he had true feelings on the inside. This feature film had both diegetic and non-diegetic sounds. The characters in this film used dialogue to explain their emotions. Most of the emotions in this film were fear. This is because the robots were constantly trying to fight off the antagonist robots. Some other sounds that were used a lot included grunting, and explosions. Overall, this film was extremely action-filled and intense. In addition to this, this film was animated. This allowed for more dramatic special effects to be added to the movie. This allowed the audience to be glued to the screen and anticipating what is going to happen next. As a whole, this movie was pieced together well.

Research 9: The Short Film

 Overall this short film was interesting and kept my attention. However, the short film had a gloomy feeling. I was confused for the first minute or so until I realized that the main character "9" was having a flashback. The first flashback showed 9 and another character 5 sharing their belongings. Then a monster came, and 5 decided to protect 9. Unfortunately, this resulted in 5's death. It was a sad point in the short film. In a different flashback, 9 fought the monster, in which 9 was victorious. The monster was dead, so 9 continued to gather their belongings. 9 put together two green glowing objects, and many souls were released including 5. 5 looked back at 9 and then went to its grave. However, 5 was now at peace. This short film had a sad plot. However, I thought it was interesting how it was silent. I feel that the short film felt more solemn because of this. It showed friendship and trust without having to use dialogue. In addition to this, the short film was animated. The animations were very smooth, so it was difficult to tell. I think that the animations helped the storyline. Overall, this short film was interesting.